Prostate Cancer

Decoding the Epigenetics of Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer is the most frequently diagnosed male cancer and the sixth most prevalent cause of cancer-related death in males worldwide. According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the total reported cases of Prostate Cancer are 288,300 in 2023. Fortunately, the majority of men with Prostate Cancer are identified before the disease has progressed beyond the prostate gland.

Prostate Cancer is dangerous it develops when the growth of abnormal cells occurs in the prostate. Although the majority of cases of prostate cancer are symptomless, there are certain symptoms and signs of prostate cancer that include frequent urination, pain in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs, blood in urine, pain or burning during urination, fatigue, weight loss, change in bowel habits, and so on.

However, the number of cases of prostate cancer is increasing globally. World Cancer Research Fund International states that the incidence of Prostate Cancer was more than 1.4 million in 2020.

Prostate Cancer affects only men and at any age. But generally, it affects older men more than younger ones. Prostate Cancer mortality is greatest among men aged 75-84, accounting for 33.3% of all deaths reported by NCI.

Moreover, there are four stages of prostate cancer. The phases are defined by the amount and rate at which the cancer cells grow. The stages are I, II, III, and IV, as determined by the Gleason Score and the T (tumor), N (node), and M (metastasis) Score.

The causes of prostate cancer are not known exactly but numerous factors increase the risk of an individual getting prostate cancer. Some of the risk factors for prostate cancer are obesity and improper diet. Also, it is more common in males of African American heritage, and individuals with a family history of prostate cancer. However, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 13 men out of every 100 get Prostate Cancer at some time in their life.

Furthermore, the number of cases and mortality of prostate cancer differs from region to region. In the United States, approximately, 3,343,976 males were predicted to have Prostate Cancer in 2020. Even yet, nearly 34,000 Americans die from Prostate Cancer each year. Moreover, in the United States, the 5-year relative survival rate for prostate cancer is 97%, and the relative survival rate after 10 years is 98%.

The market for Prostate Cancer is affected by many factors such as high prevalence, and no early detection kits. The sector is expanding significantly due to the increased frequency of medical conditions worldwide and the difficulties in determining the underlying causes of illness development.

As a result of the prostate cancer outbreak, there are higher hospitalizations and thus, increased demand for therapeutic products for symptomatic treatment has become an important factor for market growth. In addition to the above, the government's initiatives from different regions to make people aware of disease, preventive actions, and stop the outbreak of a new pandemic are also assisting the industry's development.

Currently, the early detection of prostate cancer is essential. The cost-efficient, fewer side effects causing treatment therapy introduction is also important in the prostate cancer landscape. This brings many opportunities for market players to invest in this sector and gain new business value.  

DiseaseLandscape Insights here facilitates making informed choices in the field of medical technology, treatments, and diagnostics where different technologies and revolutionary advancements will transform the landscape leading to higher growth.

Diagnostic Analysis

“A Novel Diagnostic Approach: Empowering Patient’s Health”

Diagnosis of prostate cancer depends on the type of disease, signs, and symptoms of patients, age, physical health, and the medical history of the patient. Below are the main diagnostic categories that contribute significantly to the market depending on various factors such as the advancements in diagnostic technologies and, the prevalence of the disease healthcare infrastructure. Diagnostic categories are as follows:

• Blood Tests

The blood tests are used to measure the biomarker called Prostate–prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The PSA test is used to detect changes in your prostate's ability to secrete PSA. It is useful to understand the stage of cancer, plan treatment, and monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

According to the American Cancer Society, there are 50% chance of patients having Prostate Cancer if the PSA is more than 10. However, the only PSA test does not confirm the prostate cancer, other tests need to be performed for accurate diagnosis.

• Digital Rectum Exam

The Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) is a physical exam that detects abnormalities in the prostate. This test is also used to screen for cancer stages, as well as to monitor how effectively therapy is working. The clinician checks for an irregular shape, consistency, nodularity, or thickness of the gland during this test.

The DRE is simple and safe, but it cannot detect early cancer. PSA and DRE work together to detect prostate cancer early before it spreads.

• Biopsy

If the above tests show abnormalities in the prostate, a prostate biopsy is performed. The prostate biopsy is the most accurate diagnostic technique. The main biopsy method used for the diagnosis of prostate cancer is core needle biopsy. However, in the US alone approximately 1 million prostate biopsies are performed each year according to NIH. Whereas approximately 50% of prostate biopsies performed due to high levels of PSA do not detect Prostate Cancer.

• Genetic Test

If the patient’s history is from prostate cancer, the physician checks for inherited gene changes. The abnormalities in the BRCA gene indicate the presence of prostate cancer.  patients with high-risk features and family history have major chances of prostate cancer.

• Imaging Tests

The imaging tests are used to capture pictures of the prostate gland and nearby tissues. There are various imaging tests used to create images. Imaging tests help to check for the severity of cancer, spread of cancer, and type of cancer. The following imaging tests are used:

• Transrectal Ultrasound – During transrectal ultrasound a small probe is inserted into the rectum, the probe produces sound waves which enter into the prostate and create the images. This procedure requires hardly 10 min to provide the result.
• Multiparametric MRI – Multiparametric MRI is a new technique that creates images of various parameters of prostate glands and the images are compared with one another. With the use of this more recent MRI technology, it may be feasible to identify potential Prostate Cancer sites and estimate the rate of growth of a tumor. It also assists in determining whether the cancer has migrated to other body organs or developed outside the prostate.
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan - Positron Emission Tomography is performed if the cancer cells are spread to other organs. PET scan uses radioactive tracers such as F18, sodium fluoride F18, and choline C11 which gets attached to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PET scan provides accurate results for Prostate Cancer.

Many healthcare agencies and governments are taking steps to increase testing, which is accelerating the market's expansion. Market players have scope in the development of various diagnostic kits by using new technologies. Along with that launching of cost-efficient and quick diagnostic tests is important in the diagnostic field of Prostate Cancer.

DiseaseLandscape Insights assists key players by providing data on the market dynamics of diagnostic kits, diagnostic procedures, existing stakeholders, and their growth curves. By using the data from DLI, stakeholders choose the path of their business and implement strategies for the growth of the market.

The following table lists the names of the market leaders who are redefining healthcare with their forefront diagnostic innovations:

Treatment Analysis

“Innovations in Treatment: One Step towards the Healthy Life”

The number of cases of prostate cancer is increasing promptly. Within five years, 10–20% of prostate cancer patients revert. Once it has spread to the rest of the body, this treatment-resistant prostate cancer can prove fatal. This has generated an immense surge in research for finding novel drugs to treat the disease. The following are the treatments given to the patients based on severity, patient’s overall health, type of disease, and other factors.

• Surgery

Surgery includes the removal of the prostate gland and nearby lymph nodes. There are various types of surgeries performed depending on the stage of the disease, the overall health of patients, and other factors. The type involves radical prostatectomy in which the entire prostate and seminal vesicle are removed along with lymph nodes in the pelvic area. Robotic or laparoscopic prostatectomy is less invasive and requires less recovery time. The common side effects of prostate cancer surgery are urinary incontinence, urinary tract infection, cyst formation, and erectile dysfunction.

• Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy destroys cancerous cells by using high-energy rays. External beam radiation therapy, Brachytherapy, Intensity-modulated radiation therapy, and Proton therapy are some of the types of radiation therapy used to treat Prostate Cancer. The overall cure rate for patients receiving modern external beam radiation treatment is ~93.3%, and the 5-year metastasis-free survival probability is ~96.9%.

During treatment, radiation therapy causes side effects such as increased need to pee or frequency of urination, sexual function difficulties, bowel function problems such as diarrhea, rectal pain, or rectal bleeding, and exhaustion.

• Hormone Therapy

Hormone therapy is a cancer treatment that eliminates or stalls the function of hormones, preventing cancer cells from flourishing. Male sex hormones promote the growth of prostate cancer. To limit the amount of male hormones or to prevent them from functioning, drugs, surgery, or other hormones are employed. This is referred to as androgen deprivation treatment.

Bilateral Orchiectomy, LHRH agonists, GnRH antagonists, androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors, androgen synthesis inhibitors, and combined androgen blockade are some of the types of hormonal therapies used in the treatment of prostate cancer. The common side effects involve gynecomastia, depression, heart problems, memory loss, weight gain, erectile dysfunction, and so on.

• Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy the cancer cells. Chemotherapy benefits people with advanced or castration-resistant prostate cancer, and also those with recently diagnosed or castration-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer.

 The adverse effects of chemotherapy might include exhaustion, mouth and throat sores, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, constipation, blood abnormalities, and effects on the neurological system, depending on the patient, the kind of chemotherapy delivered, the amount of drug utilized, and the length of treatment.

• Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy enhances the immune system's capacity to target cancer cells to fight the disease. Immunotherapy leads to a variety of adverse effects. Skin rashes, flu-like symptoms, diarrhea, and weight fluctuations are typical negative side effects.

There are multiple opportunities for business firms in the realm of the prostate cancer treatment market. The market players focus on the production of diverse cost-effective therapy products, as well as the redevelopment of current medicines via the use of new technologies to enhance patient health while increasing the profit of the company.

Market participants tap into DiseaseLandscape Insights' market research and consulting services to explore and flourish in the prostate cancer treatment industry. We help to stay stronger and ahead of the competition by doing in-depth analyses of treatment alternatives, new goods, and technology. DLI provides substantial assistance in the planning, execution, and evaluation of clinical studies for novel medication development.

The below table shows the market leader and their products for the treatment of prostate cancer -

Regulatory Framework

“Analysing Regulatory Affairs for Better Business Decision”

The regulatory framework for prostate cancer is heavily facilitated by the DiseaseLandscape based on different countries' regulatory norms. It offers data-driven insights that direct risk assessment, regulatory development, surveillance, import/export laws, research oversight, response to emergency planning, and collaboration across borders.

However, the Food and Drug Administration authorized the fixed dosage combination of Olaparib and Abiraterone Acetate with Prednisone for adult patients with mutant castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC), as determined by an FDA-approved test, on August 11, 2023.

Moreover, Pluvicto (lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration on March 23, 2022, for the treatment of adult patients with PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) who had previously been treated with androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibition and taxane-based chemotherapy.

Overall, regulatory rules have a considerable influence on the Prostate Cancer sector, and DLI offers an in-depth evaluation of several regional standards that are now in place, as well as prospective future changes in the Prostate Cancer disease market.

Competitive Analysis

"Providing Establishments with a Competitive Edge in the Prostate Cancer Market”

Several worldwide industries are concentrating on developing new products and enhancing the use of technology for the improvement of existing techniques to boost their competitive position. To broaden their selection of products, industries are also working on growth initiatives, which principally involve regulatory approval for medication research, acquisition partnerships, and a focus on cooperation.

However, companies like Novartis AG have developed Lutetium (177Lu) Vipivotide Tetraxetan injections which were approved by the FDA in 2022 for the treatment of Prostate Cancer in the adult age group. The market for such drugs is large and global. This innovation has increased the awareness of products and diseases. The net revenue of Novartis has increased. The health recovery of patients is also improving due to this drug.

Along with that, Radium-223 Combined with Dexamethasone as a first-line therapy for prostate cancer was introduced by Bayer Company in collaboration with Cancer Communications and Consultancy Ltd. Research on such therapy has increased the survival rate of prostate cancer patients in the world. Inventions and execution of novel therapy have set a standard for existing and newcomer market players.

DiseaseLandscape Insights helps the industry player by providing intense knowledge about all the existing market players, their innovations, strategies, and collaborations and helps in selecting the correct marketplace to grow exponentially. 

Market Trends

“Analysing the Changing Patterns of Market of Prostate Cancer to Stay Up in the Game”

The market for prostate cancer is growing worldwide because there is a need for the development of various cost-efficient diagnostic techniques and innovations in new treatment products for the complete cure of prostate cancer. In-depth research is required to formulate new therapies and other treatment options for prostate cancer.

However, developments of new imaging diagnostic techniques like multiparametric ultrasound are essential for accurate diagnosis. Market players have tremendous scope in the diagnostic field of prostate cancer to withstand with strong foot and generate huge revenue.

Moreover, researchers are conducting clinical trials on chemotherapy such as Docetaxel which is improving the overall health of Prostate cancer patients and increasing the survival rate by 39% in the CT participants. Innovations in oral chemotherapy to cure patients faster with fewer side effects are another opportunity for key players to start their businesses and expand in the same field.

In addition to that, scientists are working on targeted radiation therapy based on PSMA. PSMA molecule when linked with radioactive compound new compound is formed which has the potential to find and kill the cancerous cell. The global market for targeted radiation therapy is also booming. Stakeholders choose the treatment industry to increase their economy and standards.

All in all, advancements in research and development for the diagnosis and treatment of Prostate Cancer have boosted the opportunities for a wide range of market players. Manufacturing diagnostic kits, developing innovative therapies, and producing new medicines have increased market size and, consequently, the revenue of current key players.

Clinical Trial Assessment

Here the exciting journey into the world of Prostate Cancer treatment gets underway at DiseaseLandscape Insights, where novel advancements and exceptional revolutionary possibilities will transform the disease landscape. Establishing and carrying out clinical trials for novel treatments and medications, patient recruitment strategies, regulatory compliance, ensuring positive trial outcomes, etc. are all made easier with the assistance of DiseaseLandscape Insights.

The below table shows the study titles of the currently ongoing clinical trials, together with the phases in which they are currently being done.

Conclusion

Recognizing the significance of DiseaseLandscape Insights (DLI), particularly in the fight against prostate cancer, is paramount. DiseaseLandscape Insight services are tailored to assist the healthcare sector, its professionals, researchers, and industry stakeholders in improving patient outcomes and facilitating business growth and advancement.

By leveraging the potential of extensive market research, our offerings provide invaluable knowledge about the most recent breakthroughs, treatment methodologies, and emerging patterns in Prostate Cancer management. Additionally, DLI services serve as a driving force for collaboration and innovation, fostering partnerships among industry stakeholders and researchers to propel advancements in Prostate Cancer treatment and prevention.

Through harnessing our expertise, healthcare organizations are able to gain a competitive advantage in the market, enhance patient outcomes, and actively contribute to elevating global healthcare standards. This allows market leaders to do concentrated R&D, learn about contract manufacturing organizations, discover raw material suppliers, and assure legal compliance for the business.